The phenomenon of trust as a factor of reliability in aviation

Aim. Based on an analysis of Russian and foreign literary sources, the paper deduces an estimation of the effect of trust in aviation on the safety and reliability of flights. Trust is a multifunctional phenomenon that appeared in the Russian scientific psychology relatively recently (in the mid-1990s) and soon became an object of research in many branches of science. The phenomenon of trust in scientific psychology is a high-complexity category due to its highly dynamic nature and multifactorial dependence. Objects of trust might include individuals, social groups and organisations, as well as various material and non-material phenomena. The phenomenon of trust is conventionally subdivided into self-trust, trust in people (social) and trust in the world.
Methods. 49 specialised literary sources were analysed. Those include papers in science journals (25), papers in proceedings (8), monographs (15), abstracts of theses (1), out of which 37 are by Russian and 12 are by foreign authors.
Results. The development of trust was traced through the ontogeny, its effect on personality development throughout life was identified. Of great importance is the basic trust that burgeons in the infancy within the mother – child diad ant later defines the view of life that significantly affects the socialization and personality development, behaviour in personal life and professional activities. The phenomenon of trust (cognitive, emotional, behavioural aspects), its phenomenology and psychosocial functions were analysed. It was established, that the phenomenon of trust is of significant importance in many spheres of life and activities of individuals and organisations. It is manifested in the ethical, psychosocial, economic, legal and political functions. The authors examine the applicability of the identified properties of trust in aviation. It was identified that the level of trust in aviation systems (civilian and military) affects flight safety. Of special importance is the trust in pilot operations, as it affects his/her adaptive capability in cases of professional emergencies.
Conclusion. The paper substantiates the evaluation of the phenomenon of trust as a factor of reliability of an aviation system’s operation. At the same time, the effect of trust in the pilot on the adaptation and stress tolerance in emergency situations is identified. It is logical to consider personal trust of a pilot as a personal antistress resource. Consequently, the research should continue in order to identify the value of a pilot’ professional trust for the purpose of improving flight safety.

1. Arinicheva O.V., Malishevsky A.V. A study of the socionic characteristics of males and females for improving the reliability of aptitude screening of aviation specialists. Dependability 2021;1: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2021-21-1-45-54.

2. Zolotykh V.I. On aviation system levels and structure of aviation unit flight safety system. [Vozdushno-kosmicheskiye sily. Teoria i praktika] 2019;11:15-23. (in Russ.)

3. [Concept of flight safety of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation]. Approved by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on 31.05.2017. Moscow: Aviation Flight Safety Service of the Armed Forces; 2017. (in Russ.)

4. Krasilnikov G.T., Krachko E.A., Malchinsky F.V. Developing a Diagnostic Tool for a Prognostic Assessment of Resistance to Professional Information Stress in Flight Personnel. Russian Psychological Journal 2021;18(1):47-60. doi: 10.21702/rpj.2021.1.4.

5. Krachko E.A., Krasilnikov G.T., Malchinsky F.V., Khvostova S.L. Reliability of forecast of successful flight training based on professional psychological selection. Dependability 2018;18(3):27-30. doi: 10.21683/1729-2646-2018-18-3

6. Lapa V.V., Ponomarenko V.A., Chuntul A.V. [Psychophysiology of flight safety]. Moscow; 2013. (in Russ.)

7. Plotnikov N.I. The bases of human – operator dependability theory. Dependability 2015;2:94-97. DOI:10.21683/1729-2640-2016-16-3-3-7.

8. Ponomarenko V.A. [Flight safety, the pain of aviation]. Moscow: Flinta; 2007. (in Russ.)

9. Blaginin A.A. [Psychological analysis of erroneous actions by flight personnel]. The Education and science journal 2009;6:74-81. (in Russ.)

10. Ponomarenko V.A. [The psychology of the human factor in a hazardous occupation]. Krasnoyarsk: Polikom; 2006. (in Russ.)

11. Kozlov V.V. [The Human factor: history, theory and practice in aviation]. Moscow; 2002. (in Russ.)

12. Leonova I.Yu., Leonov I.N. Psychometric properties of J.Rotter’s “interpersonal trust scale” adapted to Russian language by S.G. Dostovalov and its modification. Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 2016;26(2):93-111. (in Russ.)

13. Ilyin E.P. [Psychology of trust]. Saint-Petersburg: Piter; 2013. (in Russ.)

14. Rotter J.B. Generalized Expectancies for Interpersonal Trust. American Psychologist 1971;26:443-452. doi:10.1037/H0031464Corpus ID: 144694593.

15. Skripkina T.P. [Psychology of trust]. Moscow: Academia; 2000. (in Russ.)

16. Zinchenko V.P. [Psychology of trust]. Samara: Izdatelstvo SIOKPP; 2001. (in Russ.)

17. Antonenko I.V. [Trust, a total phenomenon of the modern society]. [Sotsialny psikholog] 2005;2(10). (in Russ.)

18. Kupreichenko A.B. [Psychology of trust and distrust]. Мoscow: Izdateklstvo Instituta psykhologii RAN; 2008. (in Russ.)

19. McAllister D.J. Lewicki R.J., Sheppard B.H., Bazerman M.H., editors. The second face of trust: Reflections on the dark side of interpersonal trust in organizations. Research on negotiation in organizations, Vol. 6. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAIPress; 1997. P. 87-112.

20. Antonenko I.V. [The psychosocial concept of trust]. Moscow: Flinta, Nauka; 2006. (in Russ.)

21. Erikson E. Identity Youth and Crisis. Moscow: Flinta; MPSI: Progress; 2006. (in Russ.)

22. Maslow A. Motivation and Personality. Saint-Petersburg: Piter; 2011. (in Russ.)

23. Covey S., Merrill R. The Speed of Trust: The One Thing that Changes Everything. Free Press; 2006.

24. Sztompka P. Trust: a sociological theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.

25. Berne E. Classification of Positions. Transactional Analysis Bulletin 1962;62(3):23.

26. Babulina L.V. [Development of a person’s view of life]. [Aktualnyie voprosy sovremennoy nauki] 2011;18:152-173. (accessed 25.06.2022). Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/razvitie-zhiznennoy-pozitsii-lichnosti. (in Russ.)

27. Leontiev D.A., Shilmanskaya A.E. [A person’s view of life: from theory to operationalisation]. Voprosy Psykhologii 2019;1:90-100. (in Russ.)

28. Makarov V.V., Makarova G.A. [Transactional analysis, the Eastern version]. Moscow: Akademicheskiy proekt, OPPL; 2002. (in Russ.)

29. Eidelman G.N. The features of beliefs at different levels of psychological well-being among today’s youth. Experimental Psychology 2016;9(2):82-94. doi:10.17759/exppsy.2016090207. (in Russ.)

30. Radul V.V., Radul O.S. Personality social position. Universum: psykhologia i obrazovaniye: elektron. nauchn. zhurn. 2021;2(80). Available at: https://7universum.com/ru/psy/archive/item/11219. DOI: 10.32743/UniPsy.2021.80.2.6-11. (in Russ.)

31. Skripkina T.P., Krishchenko E.P. [Trust as a factor of agency development as part of ontogeny]. Ristov-on-Don: Izd-vo YuFU; 2010. (in Russ.)

32. Fatkhi O.G. [Trust as a factor contributing to the growth of adaptive capability in extreme situations; Abstract, Candidate of Psychology thesis]. Rostov-on-Don; 2003. (in Russ.)

33. Veselov Yu.V., Skvortsov N.G. Trust in the Age of Digital Transformations: a Sociological Study. Sociological Studies 2021;6:57-68. DOI 10.31857/S013216250012556-4. (in Russ.)

34. Gegedivsh I.P. [Intepersonal and institutional trust]. Molodoy uchiony 2018;51(237):185-187. (accessed 11.06.2022). Available at: https://moluch.ru/archive/237/55090. (in Russ.)

35. Currall S.C., Judge T.A. Measuring trust between organizational boundary role persons. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1995;64:151-170.

36. Kramer R.M. Trust and distrust in organization. Annual Review of Psychology 1999;50:569-598.

37. Mazzella F., Sundarajan A., D’Espouse V., Möhlmann M. How Digital Trust Powers the Sharing Economy. IESE Insight. Third Quarter 2016:24-31. DOI: 10.15581/002.ART-2887.

38. Auzan A.A. [Mission of the university: an economist’s view]. Education Studies 2013;3:266-286. doi. org/10.17323/1814-9545-2013-3-266-286. (in Russ.)

39. Fukuyama F. Trust: The Social Virtues and The Creation of Prosperity. Moscow: AST, Yermak; 2004. (in Russ.)

40. Belianin A.V., Zinchenko A.V. [Trust in economics and social life]. Moscow: Fond Liberalnaia missia; 2010. (in Russ.)

41. Bazhenov L.B., editor. [The problem of the value status of science at the doorstep of the XXI century]. Saint Petersburg: RHGI; 1999. (in Russ.)

42. Feyerabend P. Science in a Free Society. Moscow: AST Moskva; 2010.

43. Reshetnikov M.M. [Modern Russian mentality, 2-dn edition]. Moscow: Rossiyskiye vesti; 1996. (in Russ.)

44. Siluyanov I.V., Yakovlev V.V. [A doctor through a patient’s eyes: poll results]. Chief Medical Officer 2009;3:87- 93. (in Russ.)

45. Ponomarenko V.A. [The purpose of 5-th generation aircraft]. Moscow: Kogito-Tsentr; 2017. (in Russ.)

46. [ICAO. Annual report 2019. Emerging problems in aviation. Cyber security and trust mechanism].

47. Ponomarenko V.A. [The psychology of the human factor in a hazardous occupation]. Krasnoyarsk: Polikom; 2006. (in Russ.)

48. Erikson E. Childhood and Society. Second edition, revised and extended. Saint Petersburg: Lenato, AST, Fond Universitetskaya kniga; 1996.

49. Pokrovsky B.L. [Emotional stress]. In: [Functional state of a pilot in extreme situations]. Moscow: Poliot; 1994. (in Russ.)