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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sustain</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Надежность</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dependability</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-2646</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RAMS Journal Limited liability company</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21683/1729-2646-2014-0-2-88-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sustain-58</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ. ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNCTIONAL SAFETY. THE THEORY AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ОТКАЗОБЕЗОПАСНОСТИ И КИБЕРЗАЩИЩЕННОСТИ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SOME CONCEPTS OF FAIL-SAFETY AND CYBER PROTECTION OF CONTROL SYSTEMS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гапанович</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gapanovich</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, главный инженер, старший вице-президент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Engineering, Chief Engineer, Senior Vice President</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розенберг</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozenberg</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, первый заместитель генерального директора</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Technical Science, professor, First Deputy Director</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубинский</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubinsky</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igor-shubinsky@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОАО "РЖД"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC RZD</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОАО "НИИАС"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC NIIAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЗАО "ИБТранс"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Closed Company IB Trans</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гапанович В.А., Розенберг Е.Н., Шубинский И.Б., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гапанович В.А., Розенберг Е.Н., Шубинский И.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gapanovich V.A., Rozenberg E.N., Shubinsky I.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dependability.ru/jour/article/view/58">https://www.dependability.ru/jour/article/view/58</self-uri><abstract><p>Приводятся определения опасного отказа и отказобезопасности, обсуждается взаимосвязь и принципиальные различия между функциональной надежностью и функциональной безопасностью, анализируются альтернативы обеспечения отказобезопасности систем управления. Рассматриваются основные угрозы кибербезопасности, способы реализации кибератак, предлагается концепция обеспечения гарантированного уровня киберзащищенности системы управления.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper provides some definition of a hazardous failure and fail-safety, discusses relations and principal differences between functional reliability and functional safety, and analyzes alternatives for ensuring failsafety of control systems.</p><p>The paper considers major threats to cyber protection, ways of implementing cyber attacks, offers a concept of ensuring a guaranteed cyber protection level of control systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>надежность</kwd><kwd>отказ</kwd><kwd>опасный отказ</kwd><kwd>функциональная безопасность</kwd><kwd>отказобезопасность</kwd><kwd>кибератака</kwd><kwd>киберпространство</kwd><kwd>киберзащищенность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reliability</kwd><kwd>failure</kwd><kwd>hazardous failure</kwd><kwd>functional safety</kwd><kwd>fail-safety</kwd><kwd>cyber attack</kwd><kwd>cyber space</kwd><kwd>cyber protection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ИСО 9126 ГОСТ Р ИСО/МЭК 9126-93, Оценка программной продукции, характеристика качества и руководства по их применению, 28.12.93</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ISO 9126 GOST R ISO/IEC 9126-93 Information technology. 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