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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sustain</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Надежность</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dependability</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-2646</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RAMS Journal Limited liability company</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21683/1729-2646-2021-21-2-3-8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sustain-414</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ В ЗАДАЧАХ НАДЕЖНОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYSTEM ANALYSIS IN DEPENDABILITY AND SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Коэффициент сохранения эффективности  и его стандартизация</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effectiveness retention ratio and its standardization</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нетес</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Netes</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Александрович Нетес – доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры «Сети связи и системы коммутации»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor A. Netes, Doctor of Engineering, Professor of the Department of Telecommunications Networks and Switching Systems</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.a.netes@mtuci.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский технический университет связи и информатики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нетес В.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нетес В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Netes V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dependability.ru/jour/article/view/414">https://www.dependability.ru/jour/article/view/414</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Способствовать лучшему понимаю, более широкому и правильному применению коэффициента сохранения эффективности. Он является наиболее подходящим показателем для оценки надежности сложных технических систем, в которых возможны частичные отказы, переводящие систему в состояния, промежуточные между полной работоспособностью и полной не работоспособностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В статье применяются методы теории вероятностей и сравнительный анализ текстов межгосударственных, российских и международных стандартов по надежности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p> Результаты. Указан определяющий вклад российских исследователей в создание и развитие методов применения показателей эффективности для оценки надежности сложных систем. Выявлены недостатки в базовых стандартах по надежности, касающиеся коэффициента сохранения эффективности и смежных понятий. Именно, в терминологическом ГОСТ 27.002–2015 указаны формулировки, требующие уточнения. Они касаются понятий частичный отказ, частично работоспособное состояние и частично неработоспособное состояние. Предложено более широкое и точное определение частичного отказа. Отмечена необходимость обсуждения и уточнения соотношения между частично работоспособным и частично неработоспособным состояниями. В ГОСТ 27.003–2016, устанавливающем состав и общие правила задания требований по надежности, указаны ошибки в формулировках при классификации объектов по числу возможных (учитываемых) состояний и в примерах возможных модификаций коэффициента сохранения эффективности в различных отраслях техники, являющихся вероятностями выполнения задачи, задания и т.п. В статье предложены исправления в соответствующие формулировки. Установлено, что хотя коэффициент сохранения эффективности и отсутствует в международном терминологическом стандарте по надежности (IEC 60050-192:2015), фактически он неявно возникает в двух стандартах МЭК (IEC 61703:2016 и IEC 62673:2013), в которых отнесен к показателям готовности. Заключение. Результаты статьи будут полезны специалистам, занимающимся оценкой надежности сложных технических систем и стандартизацией в области надежности. Их реализация позволит улучшить межгосударственные, российские и международные стандарты по надежности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To promote a better understanding, a wider and more correct application of the effectiveness retention ratio. That is the measure that is best suited for assessing the dependability of complex technical systems, in which partial failures are possible that put a system into intermediate states between complete up and down ones. </p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The paper uses the methods of the probability theory and comparative analysis of texts of interstate (Euro-Asian), Russian and international dependability-related standards. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The principal contribution of Russian researchers to the creation and development of methods for applying effectiveness indicators to estimating the dependability of complex systems is pointed out. Shortcomings were identified in the basic dependability-related standards as regards the effectiveness retention ratio and related concepts. Namely, in terminology standard GOST 27.002–2015, the phrases that require improvement are indicated. They relate to the concepts of partial failure, partial up state and partial down state. A broader and more ac[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]curate definition of partial failure is suggested. It is noted that the relationship between partially up and partially down states are to be discussed and clarified. GOST 27.003–2016 that establishes the content and general rules for specifying dependability requirements contains wording errors in the classification of items according to the number of possible (taken into consideration) states and in the examples of possible variants of the effectiveness retention ratio in various branches of technology that are probabilities of task completion, etc. The paper suggests corrections to the appropriate wordings. It has been established that although the effectiveness retention ratio is not referred to in the international dependability-related terminology standard (IEC 60050-192:2015), it implicitly appears in two IEC standards (IEC 61703:2016 and IEC 62673:2013), in which it is assigned to availability measures. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The paper’s findings will be useful to experts involved in the assessment and standardization of complex technical system dependability. Their implementation will help improve interstate, Russian and international dependability-related standards.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сложная система</kwd><kwd>надежность</kwd><kwd>частичный отказ</kwd><kwd>коэффициент сохранение эффективности</kwd><kwd>выходной эффект</kwd><kwd>межгосударственные</kwd><kwd>российские и международные стандарты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>complex system</kwd><kwd>dependability</kwd><kwd>partial failure</kwd><kwd>effectiveness retention ratio</kwd><kwd>output effect</kwd><kwd>interstate (Euro-Asian)</kwd><kwd>Russian and international standards</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гнеденко Б.В., Беляев Ю.К., Соловьев А.Д. Математические методы в теории надежности. М.: Наука, 1965. 524 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gnedenko B.V., Belyayev Yu.K., Solovyev A.D. 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