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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sustain</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Надежность</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dependability</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-2646</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RAMS Journal Limited liability company</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21683/1729-2646-2020-20-2-35-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sustain-372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ НАДЕЖНОСТЬ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЖИВУЧЕСТЬ. ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNCTIONAL DEPENDABILITY AND FUNCTIONAL SURVIVABILITY. THEORY AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка алгоритмов для надежного обмена данными между автономными роботами на основе принципов самоорганизующейся сети</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of algorithms of self-organizing network for reliable data exchange between autonomous robots</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр В. Ермаков – аспирант кафедры ИВТиИБ</p><p>656038, Алтайский край, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Ermakov, post-graduate student, IT and Information Security Department</p><p>656038, Altai Krai, Barnaul, 46 Lenina Ave., Administration of Information and Telecommunication Support, Information Systems Development Unit, k.a. of Ermakov A.V.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tour0@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сучкова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suchkova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лариса И. Сучкова – доктор технических наук, проректор по учебной работе</p><p>656038, Алтайский край, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa I. Suchkova, Doctor of Engineering, Prorector for Learning and Teaching</p><p>656038, Altai Krai, Barnaul, 46 Lenina Ave., k.a. of Suchkova L.I., Prorector for Learning and Teaching</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">li.suchkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Алтайский государственный технический университет им. И.И. Ползунова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Polzunov Altai State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ермаков А.В., Сучкова Л.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермаков А.В., Сучкова Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ermakov A.V., Suchkova L.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dependability.ru/jour/article/view/372">https://www.dependability.ru/jour/article/view/372</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на надежность передачи данных в сетях с узлами с периодической доступностью. Приведены принципы передачи данных между роботами, показана необходимость глобальной связности коммуникаций внутри автономной системы, так как отсутствие информации о намерениях других автономных роботов понижает эффективность робототехнической системы в целом и отрицательно влияет на отказоустойчивость в условиях распределения работ в коллективе независимых исполнителей поставленного задания. Показано, что существующие решения задачи обмена данными на основе IP-сетей общего назначения обладают рядом недостатков, поэтому в качестве основы организации сетевого взаимодействия автономных роботов использовались наработки в области топологических моделей систем связи, что позволяет строить самоорганизующиеся сети. Перечислены требования к проектируемой сети для надежной передачи сообщений между автономными роботами, выбран вариант организации надежной доставки сообщений с помощью оверлейных сетей, позволяющих расширить функционал сетей со стабильной конфигурацией. Приведен обзор существующих управляемых и неуправляемых оверлейных сетей, произведена оценка их применимости для коммуникации внутри коллектива автономных роботов. Описаны требования к механизму обмена данными в связи с особенностями и спецификой работы коллектива автономных роботов. Для описания алгоритмов и архитектуры оверлейной самоорганизующейся сети использовались общепринятые методы построения децентрализованных сетей с нулевой конфигурацией. В результате работы были предложены общие принципы функционирования спроектированной сети, описана структура сообщений для алгоритма доставки, произведено выделение служебных маршрутизируемых потоков данных, описаны алгоритмы пересылки сообщений между узлами сети, разработаны алгоритмы сбора и синхронизации глобального статуса сети. Для повышения надежности и отказоустойчивости работы сети предложено хранение глобального статуса сети на каждом из узлов. Описаны принципы функционирования распределенного хранилища данных. Для информирования об изменениях в статусе сети предложено использование отдельного канала управления для внутрисетевых служебных сообщений, не пересекающегося с передаваемыми данными. Разработан алгоритм лавинной маршрутизации для уменьшения задержек и ускорения процесса синхронизации глобального статуса сети и поддержки его консистентности. Предложено использовать hello-протокол для установки и поддержания соседских отношений между узлами сети. Приведены примеры добавления и удаления узлов сети, рассмотрены возможные проблемы масштабируемости разрабатываемой сети и способы их решения. Подтверждены критерии и показатели достижения эффекта самоорганизации отдельных узлов в сеть. Произведено сравнение спроектированной сети с существующими аналогами. Для разработанных алгоритмов приведены примеры расчетных оценок временных задержек доставки сообщений. Указаны теоретические ограничения оверлейной сети при наличии преднамеренных и непреднамеренных дефектов, а также приведен пример восстановления работоспособности сети после сбоя.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Factors affecting the reliability of data transmission in networks with nodes with periodic availability were considered. The principles of data transfer between robots are described; the need for global connectivity of communications within an autonomous system is shown, since the non-availability of information on the intentions of other robots reduces the effectiveness of the robotics system as a whole and affects the fault tolerance of a team of independent actors performing distributed activities. It is shown that the existing solutions to the problem of data exchange based on general-purpose IP networks have drawbacks; therefore, as the basis for organizing autonomous robot networks, we used developments in the domain of topological models of communication systems allowing us to build self-organizing computer networks. The requirements for the designed network for reliable message transfer between autonomous robots are listed, the option of organizing reliable message delivery using overlay networks, which expand the functionality of underlying networks, is selected. An overview of existing popular controlled and non-controlled overlay networks is given; their applicability for communication within a team of autonomous robots is evaluated. The features and specifics of data transfer in a team of autonomous robots are listed. The algorithms and architecture of the overlay self-organizing network were described by means of generally accepted methods of constructing decentralized networks with zero configurations. As a result of the work, general principles of operation of the designed network were proposed, the message structure for the delivery algorithm was described; two independent data streams were created, i.e. service and payload; an algorithm for sending messages between network nodes and an algorithm for collecting and synchronizing the global network status were developed. In order to increase the dependability and fault tolerance of the network, it is proposed to store the global network status at each node. The principles of operation of a distributed storage are described. For the purpose of notification on changes in the global status of the network, it is proposed to use an additional data stream for intra-network service messages. A flood routing algorithm was developed to reduce delays and speed up the synchronization of the global status of a network and consistency maintenance. It is proposed to provide network connectivity using the HELLO protocol to establish and maintain adjacency relations between network nodes. The paper provides examples of adding and removing network nodes, examines possible scalability problems of the developed overlay network and methods for solving them. It confirms the criteria and indicators for achieving the effect of self-organization of nodes in the network. The designed network is compared with existing alternatives. For the developed algorithms, examples of latency estimates in message delivery are given. The theoretical limitations of the overlay network in the presence of intentional and unintentional defects are indicated; an example of restoring the network after a failure is set forth.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>надежность</kwd><kwd>доставка сообщений</kwd><kwd>гарантированная доставка данных</kwd><kwd>оверлейная сеть</kwd><kwd>автономный робот</kwd><kwd>групповое взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>мультиагентная робототехническая система</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dependability</kwd><kwd>message delivery</kwd><kwd>guaranteed data delivery</kwd><kwd>overlay network</kwd><kwd>autonomous robot</kwd><kwd>group interaction</kwd><kwd>multi-agent robotic system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лавров Д.Н. 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