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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sustain</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Надежность</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dependability</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-2646</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RAMS Journal Limited liability company</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21683/1729-2646-2019-19-4-53-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sustain-348</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РИСКАМИ. ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RISK MANAGEMENT. THEORY AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О природе рисков в управлении безопасностью структурно сложных систем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the nature of risk in the safety management of structurally complex systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр В. Бочков – кандидат технических наук, заместитель начальника отдела анализа и ранжирования объектов контроля Администрации</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Bochkov, Candidate of Engineering, Deputy Head of Unit for Analysis and Ranking of Controlled Facilities</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.bochkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Газпром газнадзор»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gazprom Gaznadzor Ltd</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бочков А.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бочков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bochkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dependability.ru/jour/article/view/348">https://www.dependability.ru/jour/article/view/348</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. В общем случае риск-ориентированный подход охватывает как вероятностные методы моделирования аварийных процессов и событий, так и детерминистские методы. Использование вероятностных и детерминированных оценок заняло значительное место в исследованиях по повышению безопасности и по совершенствованию экс‑ плуатационных процедур. Однако опыт использования сугубо вероятностного анализа (по сути – однокритериального инструмента) показал, что этот подход охватывает не все необходимые аспекты обеспечения безопасности. Цель статьи – ввести определения (уточнения) самих понятий «анализ» и «синтез», применительно к рискам при исследовании вопросов обеспечения безопасности структурно сложных систем (ССС) и построении систем мониторинга опасностей и угроз их устойчивому развитию.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод</title><p>Метод. В статье с позиций системологии рассматривается методология анализа и синтеза рисков как инструмента создания современных систем мониторинга угроз безопасности функционирования ССС. Приведено сравнение основных концепций управления рисками в ССС, принятыми в настоящее время и показана необходимость их творческого развития. Приведен вид функционала риска, позволяющего определять решение в области обеспечения безопасности величиной математического ожидания потерь с учетом соответствующих поправок.</p></sec><sec><title>Результат</title><p>Результат. Введено понятие «синтез рисков» как единого с анализом инструмента познания, учитывающего существующие связи между элементами исследуемых ССС с точки зрения всей системы как целого. Сформулированы принципы составления полного набора данных, необходимых для принятия решений.</p></sec><sec><title>Вывод</title><p>Вывод. Предложенный подход формирует предпосылки к разработке метода синтеза рисков и предполагает создание перспективных экспертно-аналитических систем поддержки принятия решений о безопасности ССС как систем многофункциональных и многоуровневых, предназначенных как для фиксации и анализа каждого конкретного случая (события), так и для прогнозирования тенденций и формирования профилактических мероприятий в случае их необходимости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. In the general case, a risk-oriented approach encompasses probabilistic methods of emergency processes and events simulation as well as deterministic methods. The use of probabilistic and deterministic estimations has been the focus of research aiming to improve safety and operational procedures. However, the experience of using probabilistic analysis only (essentially, one-criterium tool) has shown that this approach does not encompass all the required aspects of safety. The aim of the paper is to introduce (update) the definitions of the very concepts of “analysis” and “synthesis” as regards the risks for the purpose of research of safety of structurally complex systems (SCS) and design of systems for monitoring hazards and threats to their stable development thereof.</p></sec><sec><title>Method</title><p>Method. The paper examines – from the point of view of systems science – the method of analysis and synthesis of risks as a development tool of advanced systems for monitoring SCS safety threats. The paper compares the primary current concepts of risk management in SCS and has shown that they should be developed and improved. A type of risk functionality is proposed that allows defining a safety solution by the value of mathematical expectation of losses, with appropriate corrections taken into account.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>Result. The concept of “risks synthesis” is introduced as a scientific tool integrated with analysis that takes into consideration the existing connections between the elements of considered SCS in terms of a whole system in its entirety. Principles are formulated for the collection of comprehensive sets of data required for decision-making.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed approach paves the way for the development of the method of risks synthesis and suggests the development of advanced expert systems to support decision-making regarding the safety of SCS as multifunctional and multilevel systems intended for both recording and analysis of each individual case (event), and prediction of trends and preparation of prevention measures as necessary.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>структурно-сложная система</kwd><kwd>объекты критически важной инфраструктуры</kwd><kwd>риск</kwd><kwd>синтез</kwd><kwd>анализ</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>управление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>structurally complex system</kwd><kwd>critical infrastructure facilities</kwd><kwd>risk</kwd><kwd>synthesis</kwd><kwd>analysis</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>management</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аксенов Г.П. 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