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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sustain</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Надежность</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dependability</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-2646</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3909</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RAMS Journal Limited liability company</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21683/1729-2646-2019-19-3-21-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sustain-332</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ НАДЕЖНОСТЬ. ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNCTIONAL RELIABILITY. THE THEORY AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Автономное вождение. О способах применения принципов безопасности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Autonomous Driving – How to Apply Safety Principles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шебе</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schӓbe</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шебе Хендрик, доктор физико-математических наук, заведующий отделом анализа рисков и опасностей</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hendrik Schäbe, Dr. rer. nat. habil., Chief Expert on Reliability, Operational Availability, Maintainability and Safety</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">schaebe@de.tuv.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>TŰV Rheinland InterTraffic GmbH</institution><country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>TŰV Rheinland InterTraffic GmbH, Kӧln</institution><country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шебе Х., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шебе Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Schӓbe H.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dependability.ru/jour/article/view/332">https://www.dependability.ru/jour/article/view/332</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье обсуждаются принципы обеспечения безопасности автономного вождения автомобилей. Прежде всего, мы проводим сравнение между принципами и опытом применения автономных или автоматических систем на железнодорожном и автодорожном транспорте. Автоматические поезда метро эксплуатируются в контролируемой и четко определенной среде, пассажиры и посторонние лица отделены от поездов ограждениями, тоннелями и т.д. Автомобиль эксплуатируется в гораздо более сложной среде. Далее мы затрагиваем принципы безопасности. Применение принципов обеспечения безопасности (например, отказоустойчивость или безопасный ресурс) обеспечивает разработку и реализацию безопасной системы, которая будет соответствовать положениям стандартов функциональной безопасности. Различия в ответственности живого водителя и технической системы управления на разных уровнях автоматизации процесса вождения требуют применения принципов обеспечения безопасности. Мы рассматриваем подлежащие применению принципы обеспечения безопасности исходя из общих принципов обеспечения безопасности и анализа соответствующего уровня автоматизации по классификации SAE на основе опыта осуществления ряда проектов, предусматривавших реализацию пяти уровней автоматизации вождения согласно классификации SAE. В зависимости от уровня автоматизации технические системы реализуются на основе принципов отказа без последствий, отказоустойчивости или безопасного ресурса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We discuss safety principles of autonomous driving road vehicles. First, we provide a comparison between principles and experience of autonomous or automatic systems on rails and on the road. An automatic metro operates in a controlled and well-defined environment, passengers and third persons are separated from driving trains by fences, tunnels, etc. A road vehicle operates in a much more complex environment. Further, we discuss safety principles. The application of safety principles (e.g. fail-safe or safe-life) is used to design and implement a safe system that eventually fulfils the requirements of the functional safety standards. The different responsibility of human driver and technical driving system in different automation levels for autonomous driving vehicles require the application of safety principles. We consider, which safety principles have to be applied using general safety principles and analysing the relevant SAE level based on the experience from projects for the five levels of automated driving as defined by the SAE. Depending on the level of automation, the technical systems are implemented as fail-silent, fails-safe or as safe-life.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>архитектура безопасности</kwd><kwd>автономное вождение</kwd><kwd>автомобили</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>safety architecture</kwd><kwd>autonomous driving</kwd><kwd>road vehicles</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouwman, R. Application of safety principles – for a guidance system in public transport [Text] / R. Bouwman, H. Schäbe, H. Vis // Proceedings of ESREL 2009, Reliability, Risk and Safety. – 2009. – Vol. 3. – P. 2275-2278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouwman, R., Schäbe, H., Vis, H. 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